Blog/NeurIPS Atlas/2026

All NeurIPS 2026 areas and topics

Every NeurIPS 2026 area and topic with its numbers, and every oral.

All 20 areas and 150 topics of NeurIPS 2026 (9,110 papers). For each topic you see what the papers do, how many papers it has, and its share of all papers in 2025 and 2026. ★ counts its orals and spotlights.

OpenReview and PDF links will appear here once NeurIPS makes the 2026 papers public on OpenReview. Until then, each paper's NeurIPS page has the link.

Areas: LLM Behavior & Safety · Vision & Perception · Efficient LLMs & Architectures · DL Theory & Neuroscience · LLM Agents · Trustworthy & Statistical ML · Vision-Language & Speech Models · LLM Reasoning & Retrieval · Reinforcement Learning · Diffusion, Flows & Inference · Robotics & Embodied AI · Image & 3D Generation · Video Generation & Understanding · Biomolecules & Causal Discovery · Optimization & Statistics · LLM Post-Training · Bandits, Games & Mechanisms · Time Series & Forecasting · Graph Learning & Recommendation · PDEs & Dynamical Systems

LLM Behavior & Safety: 796 papers (8.7% of all, 2025: 7.8%)

Interpretability, evaluation, sycophancy, hallucination, jailbreaks, unlearning, knowledge editing, steering and watermarking of language models, plus AI governance and position papers.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
LLM Self-Explanation and Hidden Computation These papers probe what computations transformers perform internally, such as in-context learning, copying, belief states and hidden reasoning over filler tokens. 102 1.18% → 1.12% 4
LLM Benchmarking and LLM-as-a-Judge These papers study how LLMs are evaluated, covering benchmark design and reliability, judge bias, leaderboard rankings and AI peer review. 99 0.87% → 1.09% 8
LLM Behavioral Tendencies and Evaluation Awareness Evaluating LLM behaviors such as sycophancy, deception, confirmation bias, moral reasoning, risk attitudes and evaluation awareness. 96 0.68% → 1.05% 3
AI Governance, Position Papers and Human Oversight Position and empirical papers on human oversight, AI-assisted decisions, governance and how AI systems should be evaluated with people. 80 0.63% → 0.88% 11
Jailbreak and Red-Teaming Attacks Designs, scales and detects jailbreak and red-teaming attacks on LLMs, multimodal and diffusion language models, along with safety defenses. 77 0.92% → 0.85% 5
Robustness of LLM Safety Alignment These papers study how safety alignment and refusal behavior in LLMs and multimodal models hold up, break under jailbreaks or fine-tuning, and can be made more robust. 68 0.58% → 0.75% 3
LLM Hallucination and Uncertainty Detecting and reducing hallucinations in LLMs and vision-language models using uncertainty, token-level signals and training. 56 0.60% → 0.61% 0
LLM Personas, Sycophancy and Cultural Bias These papers measure how LLMs simulate personas and opinions and how they show sycophancy, stereotypes and cultural or value biases. 55 0.29% → 0.60% 2
LLM Knowledge Editing and Forgetting These papers update or edit the factual knowledge stored in LLMs and study the forgetting and memorization that happen during continual post-training. 51 0.79% → 0.56% 2
Machine Unlearning in LLMs These papers remove the influence of specific training data from models, mainly LLMs, while preserving utility and resisting relearning. 40 0.55% → 0.44% 2
Activation Steering of LLMs Controlling language model behavior at inference time by editing internal activations with steering vectors or subspace interventions. 36 0.19% → 0.40% 3
Watermarking Generative Model Outputs Embedding and detecting watermarks in LLM text, images and audio to trace AI-generated content. 36 0.50% → 0.40% 0

Orals (15)

Vision & Perception: 781 papers (8.6% of all, 2025: 10.4%)

Feed-forward and Gaussian-splatting 3D reconstruction, 3D scene grounding, LiDAR perception, medical imaging, restoration, anomaly and OOD detection, and image forensics.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Feed-Forward Multi-View Geometry Transformers Builds and accelerates feed-forward and streaming multi-view geometry transformers for 3D reconstruction, camera pose, depth and panoramic geometry estimation. 103 1.25% → 1.13% 6
Medical Imaging and Pathology Models Segmentation, representation learning and vision-language models for radiology, CT and whole-slide pathology images. 93 0.94% → 1.02% 3
Image Restoration and Inverse Problems Denoising, super-resolution, image fusion and plug-and-play or diffusion-based restoration of degraded images. 93 1.28% → 1.02% 2
Object Detection and OOD Detection Develops open-world, domain-adaptive and long-tailed object detectors and methods for detecting out-of-distribution inputs in vision models. 74 0.87% → 0.81% 2
LiDAR, Radar and Multi-Sensor Perception These papers handle LiDAR, radar and multi-sensor data for localization, point-cloud registration, scene flow and HD map construction in driving and UAV settings. 71 0.73% → 0.78% 1
3D Gaussian Splatting These papers improve 3D Gaussian splatting and neural rendering for novel view synthesis, including feed-forward reconstruction, compression and densification. 66 0.99% → 0.72% 2
Language-Grounded 3D Scene Understanding These papers ground language in 3D scenes for open-vocabulary understanding, spatial reasoning, affordances and localization using point clouds, multi-view images and 3D-LLMs. 64 0.99% → 0.70% 6
Anomaly Detection Across Modalities These papers detect anomalies in industrial images, time series, graphs, video and audio, including zero-shot and few-shot settings. 57 0.67% → 0.63% 0
4D Reconstruction from Monocular Video Recovering dynamic 3D geometry, motion and human or object animation from monocular or multi-view video. 54 0.85% → 0.59% 5
AI-Generated Image and Deepfake Detection Detecting and localizing AI-generated images, deepfake videos and image tampering for media forensics. 45 0.61% → 0.49% 5
Domain Adaptation and Generalization These papers transfer models across distribution shifts through unsupervised, source-free and graph domain adaptation and domain generalization. 34 0.67% → 0.37% 0
Multi-View Clustering and Person Re-ID Learns fused representations across multiple views or modalities for multi-view clustering, incomplete multi-view learning and person or object re-identification. 27 0.55% → 0.30% 3

Orals (9)

Efficient LLMs & Architectures: 771 papers (8.5% of all, 2025: 8.4%)

Transformer theory, sparse attention, KV cache, quantization, pruning, speculative decoding, PEFT, model merging, scaling laws, diffusion language models and LLM-written GPU kernels.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Transformer Mechanisms and Expressivity Theory These papers analyze how transformers compute, covering in-context learning theory, looped transformers, attention sinks, massive activations and length generalization. 125 1.69% → 1.37% 4
LLM Pruning and MoE Compression Structured pruning, layer removal and mixture-of-experts compression to make large language models cheaper to store and serve. 95 0.97% → 1.04% 2
Diffusion Language Models These papers develop masked and discrete diffusion language models, focusing on parallel decoding, speculative sampling, unmasking strategies and RL post-training. 91 0.55% → 1.00% 6
LoRA and Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Proposes low-rank, sparse, orthogonal and zeroth-order adapter variants and optimizers for fine-tuning large language models with less memory and compute. 82 1.31% → 0.90% 2
Long-Context Sparse and Linear Attention These papers make long-context language models efficient through sparse attention, linear RNNs and state-space models, and positional encodings that extend context length. 77 0.94% → 0.85% 3
Low-Bit LLM Quantization These papers compress LLM weights and activations to low bit-widths through post-training quantization, quantization-aware training and mixed-precision search. 66 0.51% → 0.72% 1
KV Cache Compression and Eviction These papers shrink the memory cost of LLM inference by evicting, quantizing, pruning or reusing key-value cache entries. 53 0.53% → 0.58% 1
Speculative Decoding for LLM Inference Speeds up LLM generation and serving with draft-and-verify speculative decoding, tree drafting, self-speculation and scheduling. 47 0.58% → 0.52% 2
Neural Scaling Laws for Pretraining These papers fit, explain and extrapolate power-law scaling laws that relate loss to model size, data and compute, and derive compute-optimal training recipes. 43 0.61% → 0.47% 3
LLM-Generated GPU Kernels and Systems Using LLMs and agents to write and tune CUDA or Triton kernels, plus benchmarks for HPC and ML systems code. 40 0.17% → 0.44% 1
Model Merging and LoRA Fusion Combining fine-tuned models, task vectors or LoRA adapters into a single model without retraining. 29 0.26% → 0.32% 1
Diffusion Transformer Quantization and Sparsity These papers speed up image and video diffusion transformers with post-training or quantization-aware quantization and trainable sparse attention. 23 0.27% → 0.25% 0

Orals (6)

DL Theory & Neuroscience: 635 papers (7.0% of all, 2025: 7.1%)

Learning dynamics and generalization theory, representation geometry, attribution and sparse autoencoders, plus brain decoding, spiking networks, quantum ML and verification.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Deep Network Theory and Learning Dynamics These papers analyze ReLU and residual networks theoretically, covering implicit bias, incremental learning, parameter symmetries, identifiability and feature learning. 114 1.43% → 1.25% 10
Geometry of Learned Representations Analyzes and designs embedding spaces using manifold, hyperbolic, Riemannian, spherical and topological structure for representation learning. 69 0.73% → 0.76% 6
Grokking, Memorization and Generalization Theory Explains why overparameterized networks generalize, covering grokking, double descent, memorization versus generalization and compression-based bounds. 68 0.63% → 0.75% 4
Shapley Values and Feature Attribution These papers develop and critique post-hoc explanation methods such as Shapley values, integrated gradients and causal attributions for model predictions. 62 0.82% → 0.68% 5
Recurrent Network Dynamics in Neuroscience Analyzes learning and dynamics in low-rank RNNs, Hopfield networks and reservoirs as models of neural circuits and memory. 57 0.65% → 0.63% 6
Quantum Machine Learning Applies machine learning to quantum systems and studies quantum neural networks, circuits, kernels, tomography and neural quantum states. 42 0.22% → 0.46% 0
Brain Encoding and Neural Recording Analysis Models fMRI, EEG and spiking recordings with encoding models, connectivity estimation and neural data tokenizers, plus connectomics benchmarks. 42 0.97% → 0.46% 4
EEG and Physiological Foundation Models Foundation models, benchmarks and datasets for EEG, ECG and other physiological signals in clinical and brain-computer interface settings. 41 0.29% → 0.45% 2
Spiking Neural Networks These papers train and analyze spiking neural networks for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing, using learnable delays, neuron models and plasticity rules. 37 0.44% → 0.41% 1
Neural Network Verification and Backdoors Formal verification and certified robustness of neural networks, plus backdoor attacks and provable defenses. 37 0.43% → 0.41% 2
Neural Decoding from Brain Recordings These papers decode speech, images and intentions from brain recordings and build brain foundation models and datasets for brain-computer interfaces. 33 0.32% → 0.36% 3
Sparse Autoencoders for Interpretability Building, evaluating and stress-testing sparse autoencoders and dictionary learning to extract interpretable features from model activations. 33 0.15% → 0.36% 1

Orals (16)

LLM Agents: 620 papers (6.8% of all, 2025: 2.9%)

Benchmarks, memory, skills, safety, multi-agent coordination and multi-turn training for tool-using and coding LLM agents.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Tool-Use, Web and GUI Agent Benchmarks Benchmarks and evaluation suites for tool-using, web, GUI and professional-workflow language agents. 113 0.38% → 1.24% 3
LLM Agent Reliability and Efficiency Making LLM agents more reliable, safe and cost-efficient through tool-call decisions, failure prediction, abstention and resource control. 88 0.29% → 0.97% 6
LLM Agent Safety and Security Benchmarks and defends LLM, computer-use and multi-agent systems against prompt injection, unsafe actions, sabotage and scheming. 76 0.32% → 0.83% 2
LLM Multi-Agent Systems Designing, training and evaluating teams of collaborating or debating LLM agents, including coordination and orchestration. 73 0.41% → 0.80% 3
Long-Term Memory for LLM Agents These papers build and benchmark memory systems that let LLM agents store, retrieve and update past experience over long dialogues and tasks. 66 0.12% → 0.72% 1
Self-Evolving Agents and Skill Learning LLM agents that discover, store, reuse and evolve skills to solve long-horizon web, embodied and tool-use tasks. 58 0.31% → 0.64% 3
Coding Agents and SWE Benchmarks These papers benchmark and train LLM coding agents on repository-level software engineering, long-horizon development and debugging tasks. 55 0.20% → 0.60% 1
Multi-Turn LLM Dialogue and Agent RL Reinforcement learning, credit assignment and evaluation for LLMs in multi-turn conversations and interactive agent tasks. 48 0.43% → 0.53% 2
Multimodal Agents and Reasoning Benchmarks These papers evaluate and train multimodal LLM agents for web search, deep research, tool use and embodied decision-making, mostly through new benchmarks. 43 0.44% → 0.47% 2

Orals (10)

Trustworthy & Statistical ML: 611 papers (6.7% of all, 2025: 7.8%)

Federated learning, differential privacy, fairness, conformal prediction, calibration, causal effect estimation, noisy labels, PAC theory, clustering and tabular foundation models.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Federated Learning under Heterogeneity These papers train models across distributed clients with non-IID data, covering aggregation, personalization, federated LoRA, robustness and privacy. 84 1.31% → 0.92% 0
Model Selection and Evaluation Pitfalls Data-centric studies of benchmarks, model selection, cascades and evaluation pitfalls in how model behavior is measured. 76 0.38% → 0.83% 3
Performative Prediction and Decision-Focused Learning These papers study predictions that feed into decisions, including performative prediction, predict-then-optimize, recalibration and learning-augmented algorithms. 52 0.38% → 0.57% 3
Learning with Noisy and Weak Labels These papers handle imperfect supervision such as label noise, partial and positive-unlabeled labels, class imbalance and active learning, along with surrogate-loss theory. 48 1.11% → 0.53% 4
PAC Learning and Sample Complexity These papers prove sample-complexity and lower bounds for PAC, online and agnostic learning, especially of halfspaces and concept classes with VC or Littlestone dimension. 48 0.79% → 0.53% 8
Clustering Coresets and Nearest Neighbor Search Algorithms and guarantees for coresets, k-means and k-center clustering, metric spaces and approximate nearest neighbor search. 48 0.58% → 0.53% 0
Treatment Effect Estimation and Causal Inference These papers estimate heterogeneous and average treatment effects and counterfactual outcomes from observational, experimental and survival data. 45 0.63% → 0.49% 1
Privacy Auditing and Membership Inference These papers design differentially private training and accounting mechanisms, and audit privacy leakage with membership inference attacks. 39 0.44% → 0.43% 0
Differentially Private Estimation Rates Algorithms and optimal rates for statistical estimation, optimization and data analysis under central or local differential privacy. 35 0.58% → 0.38% 4
Conformal Prediction Coverage Guarantees Constructs conformal prediction sets and intervals with marginal, conditional or online coverage guarantees under shift, grouping and multivariate outputs. 35 0.44% → 0.38% 1
Algorithmic Fairness and Group Constraints Fair classification and regression, multigroup fairness, fairness audits and fairness-accuracy tradeoffs under sensitive attributes. 34 0.51% → 0.37% 1
Tabular Foundation Models In-context tabular foundation models such as TabPFN plus benchmarks, robustness, privacy and generation for tabular data. 34 0.36% → 0.37% 1
Calibration and Prediction-Powered Inference Studies post-hoc calibration, multicalibration and prediction-powered inference for reliable estimates and evaluation with few labels. 33 0.29% → 0.36% 3

Orals (12)

Vision-Language & Speech Models: 550 papers (6.0% of all, 2025: 6.7%)

Visual reasoning, image-text alignment, multimodal fusion, benchmarks and test-time adaptation for vision-language models, plus speech and audio language models.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Latent and Chain-of-Thought Visual Reasoning These papers improve and diagnose how vision-language models reason over images, including latent visual reasoning, visual chain-of-thought and grounding. 138 1.55% → 1.51% 10
Speech and Audio Language Models Large audio language models, speech recognition, speech enhancement, audio generation and sign language recognition. 91 0.97% → 1.00% 3
CLIP-Style Image-Text Alignment These papers improve image-text alignment in CLIP-style and vision-language models for compositional understanding, long captions and image retrieval. 85 0.94% → 0.93% 5
Multimodal Fusion and Missing Modalities These papers study how multimodal models combine modalities, addressing modality imbalance, missing modalities, cross-modal alignment and synergy. 84 1.26% → 0.92% 2
Vision Datasets, Benchmarks and Evaluation Benchmarks probing multimodal models on specialised imagery such as remote sensing, medical scans, documents, try-on and image quality. 77 0.80% → 0.85% 4
Test-Time and Few-Shot VLM Adaptation Adapting, fine-tuning, distilling and robustifying CLIP-style vision-language models and vision transformers under distribution shift. 75 1.20% → 0.82% 0

Orals (6)

LLM Reasoning & Retrieval: 523 papers (5.7% of all, 2025: 6.1%)

Efficient chain-of-thought, agentic reasoning, formal math and verified code, LLM-driven optimization modeling, clinical reasoning and retrieval-augmented generation.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
LLM Reasoning and Test-Time Scaling Analyzing reasoning traces and reducing overthinking in large reasoning models through pruning, early stopping and search. 137 2.48% → 1.50% 6
LLM-Driven Evolutionary Design and Discovery These papers use LLMs, often with evolutionary search, to formulate optimization models, discover algorithms and generate engineering or combinatorial code, with benchmarks for each. 83 0.89% → 0.91% 3
LLM Agentic Reasoning Strategies These papers study how language-model agents choose and combine reasoning strategies for planning, abstraction and scientific problem solving, often with new benchmarks. 63 0.65% → 0.69% 0
Clinical LLMs and Medical Benchmarks These papers evaluate and build LLM agents for clinical reasoning, EHR tasks, medical QA and report generation, along with medical benchmarks. 62 0.46% → 0.68% 0
Retriever and Long-Document Benchmarks Builds benchmarks and pipelines for retrievers, embedding models, deep search and long-document understanding with evidence grounding. 45 0.22% → 0.49% 1
LLM Theorem Proving and Formal Math Using LLMs for formal theorem proving in Lean, autoformalization, proof grading and math reasoning benchmarks. 44 0.50% → 0.48% 1
Verified Code and Software Security Benchmarks Evaluates LLMs on formally verified code generation, proof writing, vulnerability detection, reverse engineering and cybersecurity tasks. 34 0.29% → 0.37% 0
GraphRAG and RL-Trained Search Agents Retrieval-augmented generation over knowledge graphs and RL-trained search agents for multi-hop question answering. 29 0.22% → 0.32% 0
RAG Faithfulness and Knowledge Conflicts Improving faithfulness, efficiency, privacy and knowledge-conflict handling in retrieval-augmented LLM generation. 26 0.38% → 0.29% 0

Orals (2)

  • Escaping the Cognitive Well: Efficient Competition Math with Off-the-Shelf Models · NeurIPS page · Search arXiv
  • Nemotron-Cascade: Scaling Cascaded Reinforcement Learning for General-Purpose Reasoning Models · NeurIPS page · Search arXiv

Reinforcement Learning: 419 papers (4.6% of all, 2025: 4.8%)

Deep, offline, multi-agent, goal-conditioned and constrained RL, generative policies and convergence theory for MDPs.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Deep RL Representations and Multitask General deep reinforcement learning methods covering representation learning, multitask, meta, transfer, safe and model-based RL. 80 1.11% → 0.88% 3
Cooperative Multi-Agent RL These papers train teams of agents to coordinate and explore in cooperative or mixed-motive multi-agent reinforcement learning and Markov games. 69 0.73% → 0.76% 3
In-Context RL and Offline Policy Steering These papers learn and adapt policies from fixed datasets, behavior foundation models and in-context RL, including safe offline RL and post-training policy steering. 66 0.55% → 0.72% 4
Policy Gradient and MDP Convergence Theory These papers prove convergence and sample-complexity results for policy gradient, value iteration and off-policy evaluation in discounted and average-reward MDPs. 62 0.79% → 0.68% 1
Generative Policies for Offline RL Offline and offline-to-online reinforcement learning using diffusion, flow-matching and generative policies trained on fixed datasets. 42 0.60% → 0.46% 0
Constrained and Robust MDPs These papers give provable algorithms for constrained, chance-constrained and robust Markov decision processes, often via primal-dual policy optimization. 38 0.38% → 0.42% 1
Goal-Conditioned and Reward-Free RL These papers train RL agents to reach goals or satisfy formal task specifications such as temporal logic and reward machines, often offline and with subgoal planning. 33 0.56% → 0.36% 1
Flow and Diffusion Policy Optimization Trains diffusion and flow-matching policies with policy gradients, Q-guidance and offline-to-online RL for multimodal continuous control. 29 0.10% → 0.32% 3

Orals (6)

Diffusion, Flows & Inference: 417 papers (4.6% of all, 2025: 3.9%)

Diffusion guidance and sampling, flow matching, diffusion theory, optimal transport, and variational and simulation-based Bayesian inference.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Diffusion Guidance and Reward Fine-Tuning Improves how diffusion and flow models are guided and sampled, including classifier-free guidance, reward-guided and RL post-training, few-step generation and score-matching analysis. 132 1.23% → 1.45% 6
Flow Matching Theory and Variants New formulations, theory and constrained or distilled variants of flow matching and transport-based generative models. 80 0.51% → 0.88% 5
Samplers and Diffusion-Based Sampling These papers design and analyze samplers built on diffusion models, Langevin dynamics and sequential Monte Carlo, including posterior sampling for inverse problems. 71 0.75% → 0.78% 1
Bayesian Inference and Gaussian Processes Develops variational inference, neural posterior estimation, Gaussian process and Laplace methods for scalable and robust Bayesian inference. 60 0.85% → 0.66% 5
Statistical Theory of Diffusion Models Theoretical and statistical work on score-based diffusion models, density estimation, denoising and posterior inference for inverse problems. 41 0.29% → 0.45% 3
Optimal Transport Algorithms and Theory These papers propose solvers and estimation theory for optimal transport, including Gromov-Wasserstein, sliced, unbalanced and barycenter problems. 33 0.31% → 0.36% 1

Orals (8)

Robotics & Embodied AI: 405 papers (4.4% of all, 2025: 3.7%)

Vision-language-action policies, dexterous and humanoid manipulation, autonomous driving, world models for planning and embodied spatial reasoning.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Vision-Language-Action Robot Policies Training, fine-tuning, analyzing and evaluating vision-language-action models for robotic manipulation. 94 0.60% → 1.03% 3
Dexterous and Humanoid Robot Manipulation These papers learn dexterous hand-object interaction, humanoid loco-manipulation and contact-rich control, often from egocentric human videos and tactile or force signals. 76 0.92% → 0.83% 4
End-to-End Autonomous Driving End-to-end driving planners, driving VLA models, world models and benchmarks for autonomous vehicles. 64 0.56% → 0.70% 0
Embodied Spatial Reasoning in VLMs Benchmarks and agentic methods for 3D and embodied spatial reasoning in vision-language models. 60 0.70% → 0.66% 3
Latent World Models for Planning Latent and symbolic world models that let robots and LLM agents predict outcomes and plan actions. 58 0.53% → 0.64% 0
Action-Conditioned Video World Models These papers build interactive, action-conditioned video world models for robots, games and embodied agents, sometimes combined with vision-language-action policies. 53 0.39% → 0.58% 4

Orals (3)

Image & 3D Generation: 375 papers (4.1% of all, 2025: 5.6%)

Text-to-image generation and evaluation, efficient high-resolution diffusion, image editing, unified multimodal models, part-level 3D assets and concept erasure.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Efficient Image Diffusion These papers make image diffusion models faster and higher-resolution through feature caching, few-step distillation, pixel-space diffusion and diffusion-based super-resolution. 90 1.33% → 0.99% 6
Text-to-Image Generation and Evaluation Improving and evaluating text-to-image models via reward models, compositional control, aesthetics and bias analysis. 76 0.84% → 0.83% 2
Part-Level 3D Asset Generation Generating structured, part-decomposed or articulated 3D objects and scenes from images or text. 64 1.11% → 0.70% 1
Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation Builds single models and visual tokenizers that both understand and generate images, including autoregressive and representation-autoencoder approaches. 61 1.02% → 0.67% 3
Instruction-Based Image Editing Builds datasets, guidance schemes and RL training for editing images from text instructions, exemplars or drag inputs while preserving unedited content. 50 0.53% → 0.55% 2
Concept Erasure in Text-to-Image Diffusion Removing unsafe concepts or styles from text-to-image diffusion models, plus adversarial attacks and defenses on vision-language models. 34 0.79% → 0.37% 1

Orals (2)

  • Can We Model the Artifacts Explicitly? Disentangle Artifacts via Pairwise Edit Relations for Image Manipulation Localization · NeurIPS page · Search arXiv
  • EntiRE: Invariant Learning for Robust Concept Erasure in Text-to-Image Generative Models · NeurIPS page · Search arXiv

Video Generation & Understanding: 370 papers (4.1% of all, 2025: 4.0%)

Long and controllable video generation, physical plausibility, long-video QA, temporal grounding and human motion generation.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Long-Video Understanding with MLLMs These papers help multimodal LLMs answer questions over long and streaming videos via frame selection, token allocation, KV-cache memory and agentic pipelines. 88 1.21% → 0.97% 1
Efficient and Long Video Diffusion These papers extend video diffusion models to long or streaming generation with autoregressive rollout, memory for consistency, and distillation for real-time speed. 68 0.55% → 0.75% 1
Video Temporal Grounding and Segmentation These papers localize actions, moments and objects in time and space in video, covering temporal grounding, video object segmentation and video reasoning segmentation. 65 0.73% → 0.71% 1
Physical Plausibility in Video Generation Evaluating and improving physical consistency, motion realism and world modeling in text-to-video generators. 54 0.43% → 0.59% 3
Controllable Video Generation and Editing These papers generate and edit videos with control over subjects, motion, identity and lighting, often by turning image editors into video editors. 52 0.48% → 0.57% 0
Human Motion and Gesture Generation Generating, predicting and recognizing human motion, dance, gestures, gait and sign from text, scenes or video. 43 0.60% → 0.47% 1

Orals (1)

  • Behavioral Geometric Supervision Aligns Video Foundation Models with Human Social Perception · NeurIPS page · Search arXiv

Biomolecules & Causal Discovery: 345 papers (3.8% of all, 2025: 3.5%)

Single-cell, protein, molecule and chemistry models alongside causal discovery and structural causal models.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Models Builds foundation models and generative methods for single-cell gene expression, spatial transcriptomics from histology, perturbation response and genomic sequences. 63 0.39% → 0.69% 0
Protein Language Models and Structure Protein language models, structure prediction, docking and fitness prediction for biomolecules and drug discovery. 62 0.63% → 0.68% 6
Molecular and Materials ML These papers build models and benchmarks for chemistry tasks such as reaction prediction, retrosynthesis, mass-spectrometry retrieval and machine-learned interatomic potentials. 57 0.70% → 0.63% 2
3D Molecule and Material Generation These papers generate 3D molecules, crystals, proteins and materials with equivariant diffusion, flow and autoregressive models, including structure-based drug design. 53 0.65% → 0.58% 2
Causal Identifiability and Latent-Variable Models Learning causal graphs and identifying causal effects with structural causal models, interventions and latent variables. 51 0.41% → 0.56% 2
Protein, Antibody and RNA Design Generative models and optimization for designing proteins, antibodies, peptides, RNA and DNA sequences. 37 0.34% → 0.41% 1
Amortized and LLM-Informed Causal Discovery Recovers causal graphs from observational, interventional or time-series data, including amortized foundation models and LLM-informed priors. 22 0.34% → 0.24% 1

Orals (2)

  • C3P: Contrastive promoter-protein pretraining yields representations capturing bacterial gene regulation · NeurIPS page · Search arXiv
  • CausalBind: Causal Modeling and Learning for Protein-Molecule Virtual Screening · NeurIPS page · Search arXiv

Optimization & Statistics: 336 papers (3.7% of all, 2025: 4.4%)

Optimizer design such as Muon and Adam, stochastic and convex convergence theory, robust regression, Bayesian optimization and neural combinatorial optimization.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Muon, Adam and Sign-Based Optimizers These papers analyze and design neural-network optimizers such as Muon, Adam, Lion and SignSGD, covering orthogonalized updates, momentum and edge-of-stability dynamics. 88 0.92% → 0.97% 6
Stochastic and Convex Optimization Theory Convergence rates for stochastic, decentralized, minimax and nonconvex gradient methods, including heavy-tailed noise and step-size schedules. 85 1.08% → 0.93% 1
Robust Regression and Statistical Inference Statistical theory for linear regression, covariance estimation and inference under heavy tails, corruption and high dimensions. 70 1.01% → 0.77% 2
Neural Combinatorial Optimization Learned solvers, often diffusion or RL based, for routing, SAT, MILP and other constraint satisfaction problems. 56 0.97% → 0.61% 3
Bayesian and Multi-Objective Optimization Sample-efficient black-box optimization with Gaussian process surrogates, acquisition functions and multi-objective Pareto search. 37 0.46% → 0.41% 0

Orals (1)

  • UECO: A Unified Encoder with Structure-Aware Attention Mixture via Iterative Edge Evolving for Neural Combinatorial Optimization · NeurIPS page · Search arXiv

LLM Post-Training: 335 papers (3.7% of all, 2025: 3.1%)

RL with verifiable rewards, preference optimization, reward models, on-policy distillation and continual learning for language models.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
LLM RL Training Dynamics and Stability Off-policy corrections, importance ratios, entropy control and credit assignment for stable reinforcement learning post-training of LLMs. 87 0.67% → 0.95% 1
GRPO-Style RL with Verifiable Rewards Studies reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards for reasoning models, focusing on GRPO-style advantage estimation, rollout efficiency and training stability. 65 0.32% → 0.71% 1
Preference Optimization for LLM Alignment DPO-style and RLHF objectives, data selection and robustness methods for aligning LLMs with human preferences. 52 0.97% → 0.57% 1
Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgetting These papers learn new classes or tasks one after another without forgetting old ones, often with LoRA adapters, merging or optimizers built for stability and plasticity. 50 0.75% → 0.55% 2
On-Policy Distillation for LLM Reasoning Teacher-student distillation where reasoning LLMs learn from teacher feedback on their own generated trajectories. 49 0.29% → 0.54% 3
Reward Models and Human Behavior Modeling These papers mix reward and process-reward modeling for LLMs, including reward hacking, with computational models of human and animal decision-making behavior. 32 0.12% → 0.35% 2

Orals (1)

  • The Algorithm Is Not the Behavior: Learned Priors Override Look-Ahead in a Chess-Playing Neural Network · NeurIPS page · Search arXiv

Bandits, Games & Mechanisms: 234 papers (2.6% of all, 2025: 3.0%)

Bandit regret and best-arm identification, online convex optimization, equilibrium learning in games, and mechanism design and social choice.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Mechanism Design, Auctions and Social Choice Designs and analyzes auctions, pricing, resource allocation, persuasion and voting rules for strategic agents, often with learning-augmented guarantees. 72 0.91% → 0.79% 5
Regret Bounds for Stochastic and Contextual Bandits Regret bounds and algorithms for stochastic, linear, contextual, dueling and cascading bandit problems. 64 1.08% → 0.70% 1
Learning Equilibria in Games Learning dynamics and sample complexity for reaching Nash or correlated equilibria in zero-sum, Markov and potential games. 44 0.53% → 0.48% 1
Online Convex Optimization Regret Bounds Derives regret guarantees for online convex and non-convex optimization under delays, switching costs, memory and bandit feedback. 31 0.32% → 0.34% 1
Best-Arm Identification in Bandits Gives sample-complexity bounds and algorithms for fixed-confidence and fixed-budget best-arm identification and pure exploration in bandits. 23 0.12% → 0.25% 1

Orals (2)

Time Series & Forecasting: 219 papers (2.4% of all, 2025: 2.2%)

Time series forecasting models, irregular and continuous-time sequences, weather and climate prediction, and urban mobility.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Time Series Forecasting Models Forecasting architectures and time series foundation models for multivariate, long-horizon and non-stationary data. 82 0.97% → 0.90% 7
Irregular and Continuous-Time Sequences Models irregularly sampled and continuous-time sequences with neural CDEs, state-space models and point processes, often for EHR, ECG, sleep and wearable data. 61 0.41% → 0.67% 0
Weather, Climate and Air Quality Forecasting These papers forecast weather, air quality, cyclones and other environmental and energy quantities with ML models and new benchmarks. 42 0.44% → 0.46% 2
Urban Mobility and Trajectory Generation Generates and forecasts vehicle and human trajectories, traffic and spatio-temporal events in cities, including cross-city transfer and benchmarks. 34 0.38% → 0.37% 2

Orals (3)

Graph Learning & Recommendation: 195 papers (2.1% of all, 2025: 3.0%)

Graph neural network architectures, graph foundation models, generative models for graphs and hypergraphs, and sequential and generative recommendation.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Graph Neural Networks GNN architectures, graph contrastive learning, temporal graphs and graph foundation models for node, link and graph tasks. 130 2.49% → 1.43% 4
Sequential and Generative Recommendation These papers model user preferences for sequential, multimodal and generative recommendation, increasingly with LLMs and diffusion models. 45 0.44% → 0.49% 0
Graph and Hypergraph Generation These papers propose diffusion, flow-matching, autoencoder and sequence models that generate graphs and hypergraphs at scale. 20 0.09% → 0.22% 0

PDEs & Dynamical Systems: 173 papers (1.9% of all, 2025: 1.5%)

Neural operators, physics-informed networks and data-driven identification of dynamical systems.

Topic What the papers do Papers Share 2025 → 2026 ★
Neural Operator Surrogates for PDEs Neural operator and transformer surrogates that learn to solve partial differential equations for physical simulation and forecasting. 70 0.44% → 0.77% 2
Learning Dynamical Systems from Data Identifies latent and chaotic dynamical systems from observations using Koopman operators, neural ODEs/SDEs, switching models and equation discovery. 56 0.41% → 0.61% 2
Physics-Informed Networks and PDE Foundation Models These papers solve partial differential equations with physics-informed networks, neural surrogates, PDE foundation models and generative inverse solvers. 47 0.67% → 0.52% 2

Orals (3)

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